The white-tailed eagle, a majestic bird of prey, has made a remarkable comeback in recent years, with its population steadily increasing across Europe and parts of Asia. According to the latest estimates, the European population of white-tailed eagles is between 5,000 and 6,600 breeding pairs, with the largest populations found in Norway, the European part of Russia, and Poland.

The Current White-Tailed Eagle Population

The current white-tailed eagle population in Europe is estimated to be between 5,000 and 6,600 breeding pairs, with the following breakdown:

Country	Breeding Pairs
Norway	Up to 2,300
European part of Russia	Up to 2,000
Poland	Up to 700

These numbers are likely underestimated, as the overall population trend has been increasing in many areas. The successful reintroduction of the species in Scotland has also contributed to the growing population, with over 100 breeding pairs recorded in 2021.

Habitat and Feeding Habits

Image source: white tailed eagle by Andreas Weith

White-tailed eagles are generalist raptors, known for their diverse feeding habits. They primarily target fish, but also prey on wildfowl, shorebirds, small mammals, and carrion. In Denmark, conservationists have observed that white-tailed eagles often target sick and injured water birds, while in Germany, carrion can make up as much as 30% of their diet.

The species’ habitat preferences include coastal areas, large lakes, and rivers, where they can find ample food sources and suitable nesting sites. They are known to build their nests in tall trees or on cliff ledges, often reusing the same nest year after year.

Reintroduction and Conservation Efforts

The white-tailed eagle was once widespread in the UK, but was driven to extinction by humans at the start of the 20th century due to habitat loss, persecution, and egg collecting. However, a successful reintroduction project in Scotland has seen the population increase substantially, with over 100 breeding pairs in 2021.

Conservation efforts for white-tailed eagles include:

• Preserving perch trees and other important habitat features
• Adaptive management of wind farms to reduce eagle mortality
• Encouraging the use of lead-free ammunition in hunting
• Retrofitting existing pylons to reduce electrocution risk
• Introducing or strengthening legislation banning intentional killings

These efforts, combined with successful reintroduction programs, have played a crucial role in the recovery of white-tailed eagle populations across Europe.

Breeding and Nesting Behavior

White-tailed eagles form monogamous and life-long bonds as a pair, with the female laying two or three eggs in March or April. The eggs hatch after 38 days, with the oldest chick being the dominant one. The female does most of the incubation and direct feeding of the young, while the male provides food for the female and the chicks.

Live Streaming and Public Engagement

White-tailed eagle livestreams are available in several countries, including Ireland, Latvia, Norway, Estonia, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Scotland. These livestreams provide an opportunity for people to observe these magnificent birds in their natural habitat, fostering public interest and engagement in their conservation.

Threats and Challenges

Despite the overall increase in white-tailed eagle populations, the species still faces several threats, including:

• Accidental death caused by humans
• Lead poisoning
• Electrocution on power lines or pylons
• Collision with cars and trains

Continued conservation efforts and vigilance are necessary to ensure the long-term survival and growth of white-tailed eagle populations.

Conclusion

The white-tailed eagle population has made a remarkable comeback in recent years, thanks to conservation efforts and successful reintroduction projects. With an estimated 5,000 to 6,600 breeding pairs in Europe, the species is slowly regaining its former glory. However, ongoing threats and challenges require continued vigilance and action to ensure the long-term sustainability of these majestic birds of prey.

References:
– BirdLife International
– British Trust for Ornithology
– Discover Wildlife
– European Raptors