Steppe eagles (Aquila nipalensis) are known for their unique nesting habits, as they predominantly build their nests on the ground rather than in trees or on raised rocky outcrops. These majestic birds construct their nests in open spaces, often on a hummock or low bushes, and sometimes even inside bushes for added security.
Ground Nesting Preference
Steppe eagles are unique among eagles in their preference for ground nesting. Unlike many other raptor species that build their nests in trees or on elevated structures, steppe eagles choose to construct their homes directly on the ground. This ground-nesting behavior is a distinctive characteristic of this species.
Nest Construction
Image source: Steppe Eagle by Fimb
The nests of steppe eagles are built using sticks and can be quite substantial, measuring up to 20 inches (75 cm) deep and 4 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 m) in diameter. These large, sturdy structures provide a secure and comfortable home for the eagles and their offspring.
Nesting Site Selection
Steppe eagles have been observed to prefer nesting in areas with a high population of their primary food source, the Little Ground Squirrel. These areas, often found in the low hills of the steppe, provide the eagles with a reliable and abundant food supply during the breeding season.
Nesting Density
The distance between steppe eagle nests in concentrated nesting sites can vary, ranging from 0.8 to 2 km, with an average of 1.2 to 6 km. In denser groups, the nests are typically spaced around 4 km apart, while in less saturated areas, the distance can be as much as 25 km.
Egg Laying and Incubation
Steppe eagles typically lay one to four eggs at a time, with the incubation period lasting for approximately 45 days. The eggs are white in color, with ochre and light-brown spots of varying intensity and size, and have an average size of 73.81 x 55.85 mm.
Nestling Development
The young steppe eagles remain in the nest for 58 to 65 days before becoming fully independent at the age of 75 to 80 days. During this time, they are cared for and fed by their parents, ensuring their successful transition to adulthood.
Habitat Preferences
Steppe eagles are known to generally occur in drier parts of the steppe, avoiding agricultural land and other human-fragmented areas. However, they have shown some tolerance for nesting near roads and can utilize various wetlands or other waterways as a source of food during the winter months.
In conclusion, the steppe eagle is a unique and fascinating raptor species that stands out for its ground-nesting behavior. These majestic birds construct their large, sturdy nests in open spaces, often in areas with a high population of their primary prey, the Little Ground Squirrel. Understanding the nesting habits and preferences of steppe eagles is crucial for their conservation and the preservation of their natural habitats.
