Martial eagles, known for their impressive size and hunting prowess, are found across parts of Africa. These majestic birds typically build their nests in large trees or on pylons, often situated on hillsides. Their nests are constructed using sticks up to 1.5 inches in diameter, lined with green leaves, and can be reused for many years.
Nesting Habits of Martial Eagles
Martial eagles are known to build multiple nests within their territory, sometimes up to 7 different nests. They alternate between these nests on successive years, with the female repairing and re-lining the interior of the chosen nest before breeding.
Nest Construction
The nests of martial eagles are built by both the male and female birds. They use sticks up to 1.5 inches in diameter to construct the nest, which is then lined with green leaves. The size and structure of the nest can vary, but they are typically large and substantial, capable of supporting the weight of the adult birds and their chick.
Nest Site Selection
Martial eagles prefer to build their nests in open habitats, such as savannas, steppes, semi-deserts, and scrubby woodlands. They require the presence of large trees or other suitable structures, such as pylons, to support their nests. These birds are typically absent from arid or heavily cleared areas, although there have been instances of them using power line supports in the Karoo region of South Africa.
Nest Reuse and Maintenance
Martial eagles are known to reuse their nests from year to year, with the female bird repairing and re-lining the interior before breeding. This practice of nest reuse helps to conserve the energy and resources required for nest building, allowing the birds to focus on other aspects of their breeding cycle.
Breeding and Chick Rearing
Image source: Martial eagle by Charles J. Sharp
Martial eagles have a relatively long breeding cycle, with pairs typically breeding every 3 years on average. The female incubates the egg for 45 to 50 days, during which time the male rarely brings food to the incubating female. Once the chick hatches, the male becomes the primary provider, hunting and bringing food to the female and the chick for approximately 2 months.
Chick Development
Chicks are born without feathers and become fully fledged after around 90 days. During this time, they attempt their first flight and begin to learn the skills necessary for hunting and survival. Juvenile martial eagles will remain in the nest region for several years before being chased off by the adult birds.
Lifespan and Longevity
In the wild, martial eagles are expected to live an average of 14 years. However, one individual was recaptured 25 years after being banded, demonstrating the potential for these birds to reach a remarkable age.
Conclusion
Martial eagles are impressive birds of prey that build their nests in large trees or on pylons, often situated on hillsides. These nests are constructed using sticks and lined with green leaves, and can be reused for many years. Martial eagles prefer open habitats and require the presence of suitable nesting structures, such as large trees or pylons. Understanding the nesting habits of these birds is crucial for their conservation and protection.
