Shikras (Accipiter badius) are small birds of prey found in Asia and Africa, known for their impressive hunting skills and use in falconry. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the key differences and similarities between shikras, providing a detailed comparison for advanced birdwatchers.

Physical Characteristics of Shikras

Shikras are small raptors, typically measuring 26-30 cm in length and having a wingspan of 55-72 cm. They are characterized by their short, rounded wings and long, barred tails, which are distinctive features of the Accipiter genus. Adult shikras have whitish underparts with fine rufous bars, while their upperparts are grey. The lower belly is less barred, and the thighs are whitish.

The key physical differences between male and female shikras are:

• Males have a red iris, while females have a less red (yellowish orange) iris and brownish upperparts with heavier barring on the underparts.
• Females are slightly larger than males.
• Juvenile shikras have dark streaks and spots on the upper breast, narrowly barred wings, and a tail with dark but narrow bands.
• In flight, the male has a light wing lining and blackish wing tips, while the female has a less distinct wing lining and brownish wing tips.

Behavioral and Ecological Characteristics of Shikras

Image source: ShiKRA by Suvendu suvo

Shikras are found in a variety of habitats, including forests, farmland, and urban areas. They are typically seen singly or in pairs and have a distinctive flight pattern of flaps and glides. During the breeding season, they are known to soar on thermals and stoop at each other, often drawing alarms from smaller birds and squirrels.

Shikras are versatile predators, feeding on a range of prey, including rodents, squirrels, small birds, small reptiles, insects, and even carrion. They hunt by descending to the ground and ambushing their prey or snatching it from tree trunks and foliage. Interestingly, shikras are also known for their mimicry calls, which are often imitated by drongos to steal food from other birds.

Breeding Habits of Shikras

The breeding season for shikras in India typically runs from March to June. Both male and female shikras build a platform-like nest, similar to that of crows, and line it with grass. The clutch size is usually 3-4 pale bluish grey eggs with black stippling on the broad end. The incubation period is 18-21 days, and the juveniles remain in the nest for 28-35 days, being fed by both parents. After leaving the nest, the young shikras remain dependent on their parents for an additional 2-3 weeks.

Interestingly, shikras are known to lay replacement eggs if the original eggs are removed, and one observer noted that they could lay as many as 7 eggs in a single season.

Cultural Significance of Shikras

Shikras have long been prized in the sport of falconry due to their ease of training and ability to take larger birds. In India and Pakistan, shikras were frequently used to procure food for more valuable falcons, as they were known for their pluck and ability to capture prey such as partridges, crows, and even young peafowl.

The word “shikra” or “shikara” is derived from the Hindi word “shikari,” meaning “hunter,” reflecting the bird’s cultural significance as a skilled predator. The French name “Le Chicquera” was also given to the red-necked falcon by Levaillant, further highlighting the shikra’s importance in the cultural and linguistic traditions of the region.

Conclusion

Shikras are fascinating birds of prey that have captured the attention of birdwatchers and falconers alike. Their physical characteristics, behavioral adaptations, and cultural significance make them a unique and intriguing species to study. By understanding the key differences and similarities between shikras, we can gain a deeper appreciation for these remarkable raptors and their role in the natural world.

References:
– The Peregrine Fund. (n.d.). Shikra. Retrieved from https://peregrinefund.org/explore-raptors-species/hawks/shikra
– Wikipedia. (2021, November 17). Shikra. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikra
– BirdForum. (2020, November 16). Shikra or Eurasian Sparrowhawk or Besra. Retrieved from https://www.birdforum.net/threads/shikra-or-eurasian-sparrowhawk-or-besra.396662/
– YouTube. (2021, November 17). Shikra vs Basha (Sparrowhawk) || Difference || Falconry Art of Kings. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBCDimYVMw0
– YouTube. (2021, January 10). Sparrow Hawk Vs. Shikra | Differences & Similarities | باشے اور شکرے میں. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgWOIIu9Jl8