The most significant difference between male and female white-tailed eagles is their size. Female white-tailed eagles are approximately 15% larger and can weigh up to 25% more than males. This sexual dimorphism is a common trait among large birds of prey and is believed to be related to mating behavior, with the larger size of females reducing the threat posed by males during courtship.
Size Comparison
| Characteristic | Male White-Tailed Eagle | Female White-Tailed Eagle |
|---|---|---|
| Length | 75-92 cm (29.5-36.2 in) | 85-105 cm (33.5-41.3 in) |
| Wingspan | 190-240 cm (74.8-94.5 in) | 220-250 cm (86.6-98.4 in) |
| Weight | 4-6.9 kg (8.8-15.2 lbs) | 5.5-9 kg (12.1-19.8 lbs) |
In addition to size, adult white-tailed eagles have a distinctive plumage that can help distinguish them from juveniles. Adult birds have a white tail and a pale head, while juveniles have a brown tail streaked and edged in white and are mottled white above.
Plumage Differences
Image source: white tailed eagle by Andreas Weith
| Characteristic | Adult White-Tailed Eagle | Juvenile White-Tailed Eagle |
|---|---|---|
| Tail | White | Brown, streaked and edged in white |
| Head | Pale | Mottled white |
| Body | Dark brown | Mottled white above |
The tail of adult white-tailed eagles can also appear disproportionately stubby in relation to their massive body, and slightly wedge-shaped.
Behavioral Differences
White-tailed eagles are known to be vocal birds of prey, especially during the breeding season. However, some authors consider their voice “not loud or impressive for the size of the bird.” They are opportunistic feeders, with a diet that includes fish, birds, mammals, and other prey.
Conservation Status
The white-tailed eagle is classified as “Least Concern” by BirdLife International due to its large distribution range and stable population size. However, there are still many threats to this magnificent eagle, including accidental death caused by humans, lead poisoning, electrocution on power lines or pylons, and collision with cars and trains.
Conclusion
In summary, the key differences between male and female white-tailed eagles are their size, with females being larger and heavier than males, and their plumage, with adults having a distinctive white tail and pale head, and juveniles having a brown tail streaked and edged in white. Understanding these differences can help birdwatchers and researchers better identify and study this impressive bird of prey.
References:
– BirdSpot: White-Tailed Eagle
– AVI Birds: White-Tailed Eagle
– Wikipedia: White-Tailed Eagle
– European Raptors: White-Tailed Eagle
