Tawny Eagles, scientifically known as Aquila rapax, are large birds of prey that can be found in Africa, both north and south of the Sahara Desert, as well as in southwestern Asia and India. They are monogamous and pair for life, with a unique mating behavior that involves undulating displays, mutual soaring, and dramatic aerial maneuvers.

Courtship and Mating Rituals

Before mating, the male Tawny Eagle performs undulating displays, where it flies in a wavy, up-and-down pattern. This is followed by mutual soaring displays, where the pair or the single male will perform high circling flights over the nesting site. The male may also perform “pot hooks,” which involve dives and swoops with little wing flapping. In response, the female may turn over and present her claws, and the male and female may even lock claws in flight, adding a dramatic element to their courtship.

Nesting and Egg Laying

Image source: Tawny Eagle by Bernard DUPONT

Tawny Eagles breed once a year, with the breeding season falling from April to July. The female lays 1 to 3 eggs in a nest made from sticks and twigs, which is constructed in trees or on the ground. Both the male and female participate in building the nest, which is generally abandoned after 1 to 3 years.

Incubation and Chick Rearing

The eggs are incubated by the female for 39 to 45 days, with the male occasionally taking over the incubation duties. The chicks hatch and become fledglings at around 84 days, and they become independent at around 120 days. However, some chicks may remain with their parents until the following breeding season. The chicks are primarily fed by the male, and then by both parents once the young become fledglings.

Sibling Rivalry

Siblings can be aggressive towards each other, sometimes resulting in the death of the younger hatchling. These conflicts typically occur during the first few days of hatching. Young Tawny Eagles have a less contrasting appearance than the adults, being paler and more streaked.

Maturity and Conservation Status

Young Tawny Eagles are ready to mate at 3 to 4 years old. The species is currently classified as “Least Concern” on the IUCN Red List, indicating that their population is stable and not facing significant threats.

References:
– Tawny Eagle (Aquila rapax)
– Tawny Eagle
– Tawny eagle