Brown snake eagles, also known as short-toed snake eagles (Circaetus gallicus), are birds of prey that primarily feed on snakes. These birds have evolved unique adaptations to stay warm in their preferred habitats, which range from semi-desert and open grassland to closed deciduous woodland.

Scaly Legs for Insulation and Protection

One of the most notable adaptations of brown snake eagles is their scaly legs. These scales not only protect the bird’s legs from venomous snake bites but also help to insulate them, keeping the bird warm in cold temperatures. The long, bare legs of the brown snake eagle are covered in these protective scales, which act as a barrier against the elements.

Thick Plumage for Warmth

Image source: Brown snake eagle By Derek Keats

In addition to their scaly legs, brown snake eagles also have thick plumage on their thighs and body. This insulating layer of feathers helps to trap heat and keep the bird warm, especially during the breeding season when the female spends long periods of time incubating her egg. The consistent temperature required for successful hatching is maintained by the female’s thick plumage.

Hunting in Open Areas to Absorb Sunlight

Brown snake eagles often hunt in open areas, where they can take advantage of the sun’s warmth. By soaring and gliding at medium height, these birds are able to absorb heat from the sun, which helps to keep them warm. Additionally, the wing-beats and hovering behavior of the brown snake eagle can generate heat, further contributing to their ability to stay warm.

Foraging at Grass Fires for Heat

Interestingly, brown snake eagles will sometimes forage at grass fires, catching prey that is fleeing the smoke and flames. This behavior not only provides the bird with a source of food but also a source of heat that can help to keep it warm. The warmth from the fire can be a valuable resource for the brown snake eagle, especially in colder climates.

Adaptations for Breeding Season

During the breeding season, the female brown snake eagle must incubate her egg for an extended period of time. The thick plumage on her body and thighs helps to maintain the consistent temperature required for successful hatching. Additionally, the male brown snake eagle may bring food to the female while she is incubating, ensuring that she has the energy and resources needed to keep the egg warm.

Conclusion

Brown snake eagles have evolved a range of adaptations to help them stay warm in their preferred habitats. From their scaly legs and thick plumage to their hunting behavior and foraging at grass fires, these birds have developed a variety of strategies to cope with the challenges of their environment. By understanding these adaptations, we can better appreciate the remarkable resilience and survival skills of the brown snake eagle.

References:
– https://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-short-toed-snake-eagle.html
– https://africawild-forum.com/viewtopic.php?start=330&t=8081
– https://peregrinefund.org/explore-raptors-species/eagles/short-toed-snake-eagle