The crested eagle, also known as the long-crested eagle or Morphnus guianensis, is a majestic bird of prey found in the Neotropical region of Central and South America. These magnificent raptors thrive in the lush, tropical and subtropical forests, where they hunt for a variety of prey and build their large, stick nests high in the canopy.
Preferred Habitat of Crested Eagles
Crested eagles are primarily found in low to mid-elevation tropical and subtropical rainforests, often in areas with dense vegetation that provides ample cover and nesting sites. They are known to inhabit a range of forest types, including:
- Moist Woodland: Crested eagles are frequently observed in moist, dense woodlands, where they can find the tall trees and diverse prey they require.
- Forest Edges: While they prefer the interior of forests, crested eagles have also been spotted along the edges, taking advantage of the transition zone between forest and other habitats.
- Grasslands and Marshes: These raptors have been known to venture into adjacent grasslands, marshes, and even exotic plantations, such as pine or eucalyptus, demonstrating a degree of adaptability to changing landscapes.
- Riparian Areas: Crested eagles are often found near rivers, streams, and other water bodies, as these areas provide a reliable source of prey and nesting sites.
Home Range and Territoriality
Image source: Long-crested eagle By Charles J. Sharp
Crested eagles are known to have a relatively large home range, typically spanning 25 to 65 square kilometers. Interestingly, male crested eagles tend to have slightly smaller home ranges compared to their female counterparts. These birds are highly territorial and will fiercely defend their nesting and hunting grounds from intruders.
Nesting and Breeding Habits
Crested eagles are known to build large, stick nests high in the canopy of tall trees, often in the forks of branches. These nests can be quite substantial, measuring up to 1.5 meters in diameter and 0.5 meters in depth. The female crested eagle typically lays one or two cream-colored, spotted eggs, which she incubates for 45 to 50 days.
Prey and Hunting Behavior
As carnivorous raptors, crested eagles prey on a diverse range of animals, including:
- Snakes: Crested eagles are known to hunt and consume various species of snakes, including venomous ones.
- Small to Medium-Sized Mammals: These birds of prey target arboreal rodents, marsupials, and other small to medium-sized mammals found in the forest.
- Birds: Crested eagles will also hunt and capture other bird species, including those that inhabit the forest canopy.
- Reptiles: In addition to snakes, crested eagles may also prey on other reptiles, such as lizards and small crocodilians.
Crested eagles are active hunters, often perching for long periods in the highest tree tops before swooping down to capture their prey. Their sharp talons and powerful beaks allow them to effectively subdue and consume their quarry.
Threats and Conservation Efforts
The crested eagle is currently classified as Near Threatened (NT) on the IUCN Red List, primarily due to habitat loss and fragmentation. As forests are converted into agricultural fields or cattle pastures, these raptors are losing their preferred nesting and hunting grounds. Additionally, human activities, such as shooting the eagles out of curiosity, fear, or the belief that they will prey on domestic animals, pose a threat to their populations.
To address these challenges, organizations like The Peregrine Fund are actively working to conserve the crested eagle. Their efforts include environmental education, community development, literature supply, and support of the Neotropical Raptor Network. These initiatives aim to raise awareness, protect the remaining habitats, and ensure the long-term survival of this magnificent bird of prey.
References:
- The Peregrine Fund. (2021). Long-crested Eagle. Retrieved from https://peregrinefund.org/explore-raptors-species/eagles/long-crested-eagle
- Dallas World Aquarium. (n.d.). Guiana crested eagle. Retrieved from https://dwazoo.com/animal/guiana-crested-eagle/
- Wikipedia. (2021). Long-crested eagle. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-crested_eagle
- The Peregrine Fund. (2021). Crested Eagle. Retrieved from https://peregrinefund.org/explore-raptors-species/eagles/crested-eagle
